The Republic of the Union of Myanmar

The Republic of the Union of Myanmar Phyu Han and Mu Han North Quincy High School March 24, 2014 The Republic of the Union of Myanmar was formerly known as Burma until 1989 when its military government changed its name to Myanmar (East Southeast Asia: Burma†, 2013). However, the United States government has not yet adopted the name (East Southeast Asia: Burma†, 2013). The country of Myanmar is located in Southeast Asia bordering China to the north and northeast, Laos and Thailand to the east and southeast, Bangladesh and India to the west, and the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal to the south (East Southeast Asia: Burma†, 2013). Myanmar covers an area of around 421,600 square miles which is slightly smaller than the United States’ state of Texas (Myanmar., 2014). The population of the country consists of over 47.37 million people made up of about 135 ethnic groups (Myanmar., 2014). The official language of the Union of Myanmar is Burmese (Myanmar., 2014). Still, the various other minority ethnic groups speaks their own languages (Myanmar., 2014). Sin ce 1989, the capital of Myanmar was Yangon but was recently changed to Naypyidaw in 2005 (Myanmar., 2014). Throughout the 19th century, many Burmese minority ethnic city-states and kingdoms inhabited the country’s present borders (East Southeast Asia: Burma†, 2013). In 1824, Great Britain conquered Myanmar into its Indian Empire (East Southeast Asia: Burma†, 2013). Myanmar was considered and managed as a province of India until it became a self-governing colony in 1937 (East Southeast Asia: Burma†, 2013). The country of Myanmar gained independence from the commonwealth of Great Britain in January 4 1948 (Myanmar., 2014). Myanmar’s independence was gained by General Aung San who is now known as the â€Å"Father of Burma† (East Southeast Asia: Burma†, 2013). In 1962, General Ne Win took over the Burmese government as the first military ruler and self-appointed president beginning the country’s ruling by a military junta (East Southeast Asia: Burma†, 2013). Until 2011, the military junta held absolute power in the country and began the policies of international isolation (Myanmar Profile., 2013). For over 49 years, Myanmar was a military dominated country full of human rights abuses (Myanmar., 2014). In the multiparty legislative elections of 1990, the National League for Democracy (NLD) ran as the main opposing party to the military junta (East Southeast Asia: Burma†, 2013). NLD won a landslide victory and the junta placed Aung San Suu Kyi, NLD leader and the daughter of General Aung San, under house arrest for over 15 years (East Southeast Asia: Burma†, 2013). In 2007, the ruling junta brutally killing at least 13 people arrested thousands in response to protests over increased fuel prices led by Buddhist mon ks, (East Southeast Asia: Burma†, 2013). Throughout the year of 2008, a series of bombings took place in the country. Many minority rebels and terrorists were blamed for the events (Myanmar Profile., 2013). In November 2010, Myanmar held its first general election in 20 years (Myanmar Profile., 2013). Yet, Constitutional votes and Parliamentary elections held under the junta rule were considered manipulated and flawed by many in the international community (East Southeast Asia: Burma†, 2013). After the election, Burmese Parliament met in January 2011 and elected a former prime minister of the previous military government, Thein Sein, as president (Myanmar Profile., 2013). Presently, the president of Myanmar is Thein Sein along with Vice President Nyan Tun (East Southeast Asia: Burma†, 2013). Since the election, Thein Sein leading the Burmese government has initiated various political and economic reforms directed to the opening of the long-isolated country (Myan mar Profile., 2013). Thein Sein’s reforms consisted of permitting Aung San Suu Kyi to resume her political activities by allowing her to run in the parliamentary election in April 2012 (Myanmar Profile., 2013). As a result, she now currently serves as an elected Member of Parliament and chair of the Committee for Rule of Law and Tranquility (East Southeast Asia: Burma†, 2013). For 2014, Myanmar is the chair of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) (East Southeast Asia: Burma†, 2013). Myanmar’s Armed Forces consists of Army, Navy, and Air Force (East Southeast Asia: Burma†, 2013). In February 2013, the military formed a new task force to deal with forced child recruitment, which reportedly continues (East Southeast Asia: Burma†, 2013). In Addition, President Thein Sein has released the hundreds of political prisoners, passed laws protecting basic human rights, and gradually reduced restrictions on freedom of the press and expression (East Southeast Asia: Burma†, 2013). Along with the restrictions on freedom of expression, Myanmar’s domestic media has been strictly controlled since 1962 (Myanmar Profile., 2013). The whole of the media has been censored, ranging from government dissent to most bad news such as reports of natural disasters (Myanmar Profile., 2013). In 2012, Thein Sein lifted pre-publication censorship for the press (Myanmar Profile., 2013). In June 2012, Myanmar declared a state of emergency in Rakhine State where at least 17 people were killed in religious violence between Buddhists and Muslims (Mullany, 2014). This incident began a series of attacks on Rohingya Muslims across the country to the present (Mullany, 2014). The United Nations reported in January 2014 that rampaging mobs in Rakhine had killed at least four dozen people, mostly Muslims (Mullany, 2014). In March 2014, Myanmar government was reported to have denied the Rohingya Muslims citizenship as well as persecuted them (Mullany, 2014). Following the government’s ban of Doctors without Borders (MSF), approximately 750,000 Rohingya Muslims have died in Myanmar as a result of being deprived of medical services (Myanmar., 2014). The Burmese government ordered halt to MSF’s work after some officials accused the group of favoring Rohingya Muslims over Rakhine Buddhists (Myanmar., 2014). Many now hope that along with these new reforms, the decades of international isolation could be coming to an end (Myanmar Profile., 2013). In December 2011, United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton visited Burma to meet both President Thein Sein and Aung San Suu Kyi (Myanmar Profile., 2013). This event was seen as a milestone in the countrys history and the country’s return to the world stage (Myanmar Profile., 2013). In 2013, President Obama met President Thein Sein in Washington D.C. offering development aid (Myanmar Profile., 2013). President Obama praised the political and economic progress, but criticized the violence against Rohingya Muslims (Myanmar Profile., 2013). Since the transition to a parliamentary government in 2011, Myanmar has begun an economic repair aimed at attracting foreign investment and reestablishing into the global economy (East Southeast Asia: Burma†, 2013). In April 2012, The European Union followed the United States’ lead and lifted all non-military sanctions as well as offered Myanmar more than $100 million in development aid (Myanmar Profile., 2013). With government’s commitment to reform and the following lifting of most Western sanctions, the Burmese economy accelerated in 2012 and 2013 (East Southeast Asia: Burma†, 2013). The European Union, United States and Canada passed economic sanctions on Myanmar, and China (Myanmar Profile., 2013). The country’s abundant natural resources and young labor force have attracted foreign investment such as India and South Korea in many industries (East Southeast Asia: Burma†, 2013). Myanmar is currently moving past its isolationist policies w ith China as its main ally (Myanmar Profile., 2013). The currency of Myanmar is known as Kyat (Myanmar Profile., 2013). 965.728 Kyat is equal to 1.00 USD (Myanmar Profile., 2013). Due to its under-developed economy and government corruptions, Myanmar is considered one of the poorest countries in Asia (Myanmar Profile., 2013). However, the country of Myanmar is full of valuable natural resources (East Southeast Asia: Burma†, 2013). The natural resources are petroleum, timber, tin, antimony, zinc, copper, tungsten, lead, coal, marble, limestone, precious stones, natural gas, and hydropower (East Southeast Asia: Burma†, 2013). Myanmar is an agriculture based country with highly fertile soil growing rice, pulses, beans, sesame, groundnuts, and sugarcane (East Southeast Asia: Burma†, 2013). This rural country is also known to be the worlds largest exporter of teak, jade, pearls, rubies and sapphires (Myanmar Profile., 2013). Myanmar’s other exports consist of oil, gas, wood products, pulses, beans, fish, rice, an d clothing (East Southeast Asia: Burma†, 2013). The country’s export partners are Thailand 40.7%, India 14.8%, China 14.3%, and Japan 7.4% (2012) (East Southeast Asia: Burma†, 2013). Myanmar also import fabric, petroleum, fertilizer, plastics, machinery, cement, construction materials, and crude oil from China 36.9%, Thailand 20.2%, Singapore 8.7%, South Korea 8.7%, Japan 8.2%, Malaysia 4.6% (2012) (East Southeast Asia: Burma†, 2013). However, little of this wealth reaches the actual population (Myanmar Profile., 2013). Despite these improvements, living standards have not yet advanced for the majority of the people inhabiting the rural areas (East Southeast Asia: Burma†, 2013). Myanmar remains one of the poorest countries in Asia with more than one-fourth of the country’s 47.37 million people living in poverty (East Southeast Asia: Burma†, 2013). The previous government’s isolationist policies and economic mismanagement have left Burma with poor economy and government corruption, which will take great efforts to mend (East Southeast Asia: Burma†, 2013). Works Cited East Southeast Asia : Burma. Central Intelligence Agency. Central Intelligence Agency, 20  June 2013. Web. 23 Mar. 2014. Mullany, Gerry. Report on Unrest Is at Odds With Account of Myanmar. The New York Times. The New York Times, 24 Jan. 2014. Web. 23 Mar. 2014. Myanmar. News. The New York Times Company, 23 Mar. 2014. Web. 23 Mar. 2014. Myanmar Profile. BBC News. BBC News, 16 July 2013. Web. 22 Mar. 2014.

Organisation development Essay

Organisations are human communities, which are formed by bringing people together to communicate, intact and build ties to help each other to create meaning together. Information plays an important role in building these societies and providing knowledge about the task people perform. The information networks created by the organisations help the people to adopt the environment. Build and develop communication networks, improves learning process, develops sense of understanding and sharing between the people, provides a platform to discuss discoveries and innovations, provide the people with chance to learn after making mistakes. A learning organisation intentionally designs the structures and strategies in order to enhance and maximise the learning of its employees. (Dodgson, 1993) With the changing environment of business and advancing technology the notion of the Learning organisations has gained much more importance. Learning has become an important characteristic of an organisation in order to compete in the global business. Learning is a volatile and dynamic concept through which the process of updating in an organisation takes place. With the growing size of the corporations and continuous innovations in the field of technology the individual learning has transformed to the notion of the organisational learning. The notion of learning plays an important part in the progress of an individual just like that the learning on the organisational level plays an important part in the growth of an organisation. The organisational group of people can define the organisational learning as the sum of the learning activities of the individual, which takes the shape of combined effort (Dodgson, 1993; Fiol & Lyles, 1985). An organisational learning program should be designed in the way that it is not lost when the members of the organisation leave the organisation. The learning system of an effective learning organisation not only serve the purpose of the present employees but also cater the needs of the future employees by the accumulation of histories, experiences, norms, and stories. In the highly competitive environment of the business in today’s high pace changing business environment enhancing the learning capabilities of business is the solution of half of the problems (Prahalad & Hamel, 1994). Equally important is the creation of an unlearning organisation which essentially means that the organisation must forget some of its past. Thus, learning occurs amidst such conflicting factors (Dodgson, 1993). Most of the leading companies of the world like Shell were among the first to embrace the notion of learning. In Shell Arie de Geus described learning as the only strategy to compete effectively. Hence learning organisation can be defined as â€Å"The essence of organisational learning is the organisation’s ability to use the amazing mental capacity of all its members to create the kind of processes that will improve its own† (Dixon, 1994) A Learning Company is an organisation that facilitates the learning of all its members and continually transforms itself† (Pedler, Burgoyne & Boydell, 1991) â€Å"Organisations where people continually expand their capacity to create the results they truly desire, where new and expansive patterns of thinking are nurtured, where collective aspiration is set free, and where people are continually learning to learn together† (Peter Senge, 1990) The following are the important characteristics of the learning organisations: †¢ Learning organisations adopts the external environments. They are flexible and continue the process of change. †¢ Depicts the combination of individual and collective learning. †¢ Keeps on learning with the outcomes. Learning can be done in two ways. 1) Single loop 2) Double loop In single loop learning people learn in a way prescribed to them by the organisation. In double loop learning people, people not only learn in a prescribed way but also can question and can change the framework. The ability to use double loop learning is a key to success for today’s organisations. Motorola puts great emphasise on the learning of its employees. It has created a strategic partnership with the ACS corporation in order to gain is tent expertise in learning and HR so that all the HR and training activities world-wide can be improved and modernised. The $650million contract has created a new business unit, which will play part in improvement of the HR and learning of employees. The step has been taken in order to gain world class management of administrative and transactional function related to HR with training and development. Many of the Motorola’s former employees provide virtual end-to-end HR capabilities. This is done in order to retain control over strategic areas. Developmental needs and assessment: Motorola has brought dramatic transformation in its training policy by shifting its rigid training hours of classroom training to a relatively flexible learning program individually designed for an employee. Motorola aims at improving the careers of its former employees. It is estimated that the people who focus only on training as a career are more enthusiasts rather than those in support function. The arrangement will put emphasis on the IT oriented skills development of employees at Motorola. (Harris, 2003)

Newspapers and Books Are Outdated Essay

As we move into the twenty- first century an increasing number of people are relying on new forms of technology. A possible consequence of this is that traditional media such as books and newspapers are not just less popular but are considered by some to be outdated. Personally, I disagree with this point of view. The principal reason why some people take this view is fairly clear in the case of newspapers. It is generally much easier and quicker to discover what is happening in the world from the internet or the television than from a newspaper. If you use Google or another search engine or simply switch on the television, you can instantly get the latest news bulletin. A newspaper, by contrast, is out of date the moment it is published because it contains yesterday’s news. It is perhaps less obvious why books are said to be out of fashion. One possibility is that fewer people choose to read for pleasure nowadays because they prefer the instant gratification and thrills of modern technology. There is less effort involved in enjoying a 3D movie or playing a computer game than in turning the pages of a book. My own view and conclusion is that books and newspapers will never go completely out of fashion or become redundant. The reason for this is that they serve basic human needs. I believe that people will always want to read about the news and escape into the imaginary worlds of great novels. However, books and newspapers may need to change to meet the new demands of twenty-first century consumers. We can already see this happening with the arrival of the audio-book and the various free newspaper internet sites.

Essay on apple - 711 Words

Apple Computer experienced many difficulties in the 1990’s. As five years passed, the company has had four different CEO’s. As each CEO took over, the company would go thru a different reformation. In July of 1997, Apple had submitted two-thirds of its market share. It was said that losses topped 1.6 billion dollars and shares were trading near all-time lows. Co-founder Steve Jobs had come to Apple’s rescue when the company was at its lowest point. He unleashed a series of dramatic moves like a stunning decision to sign a long-term cross-licensing agreement with Microsoft for $150 million dollars. Jobs then ended Spindler’s(former Ceo) cloning strategy and went on to kill the Newton, John Sculley’s(both former Ceo’s) pride and joy. Job’s†¦show more content†¦After a several months, they had made 200 sales and taken on a new partner. He was A.C Mike Markkula, Jr., a minted millionaire who had retired from Intel at the age of 33 . Markkula, who was active in attracting venture capital, was the experienced businessman on the team; Wozniak was the technical genius; and Jobs was the visionary who sought to change the world through technology. He made it Apple’s mission to bring an easy-to use computer to every man, woman, and child. In April of 1978, the company had launched the Apple II, a simple machine that ordinary people could use straight out of the box. This machine had set off a computing revolution that drove the personal computer industry to $1 billion in annual sales in less than three years. Apple quickly became the industry leader, selling more than 100,000 Apple IIs by the end of 1980. In December 1980, Apple launched a successful IPO. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Apple’s competitive position changed fundamentally when IBM entered the PC market in 1981. 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